Ulcerative colitis, also known as inflammatory bowel disease or IBD, is a painful medical condition which affects your colon. It’s caused by abnormal functioning of your immune system. Ulcerative colitis can cause pain, diarrhea, and other symptoms which can impact your life.

When you have ulcerative colitis, your immune system attacks the bacteria, foods, and other substances in your colon as if they were foreign materials harmful to your body. White blood cells are sent to your colon, causing inflammation, ulcerations, and severe pain.

Some of the most common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis are:

• Chronic diarrhea, which can include blood or pus
• Chronic abdominal pain and severe cramping
• Rectal pain, rectal bleeding, and blood in your stool
• Frequent and urgent bowel movements
• Difficulty defecating
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue and fever

If you notice any of the signs and symptoms listed above, you need to visit your gastroenterologist for further testing. You may need:

• Laboratory work
• Imaging studies
• A colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or other procedure

If you are diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, your gastroenterologist may recommend immune suppressor medication like Remicade, to keep your immune system from producing excess inflammation-causing protein known as TNF-alpha.

Remicade is administered intravenously, directly into your bloodstream. It’s an outpatient procedure involving a series of 3 starting doses. After the initial administration of 3 doses, you will need maintenance doses every eight weeks to manage ulcerative colitis symptoms.

Remicade patients have shown an improvement in their ulcerative colitis symptoms in 6 out of 10 cases. Many Remicade patients have gone into remission after one year of treatment.

Your gastroenterologist may also recommend dietary and lifestyle modifications to help manage symptoms.

Ulcerative colitis is a painful condition which can dramatically affect your life. Your gastroenterologist can help control your painful symptoms, so you can get back to a full, active life. To find out more about ulcerative colitis signs, symptoms, and treatment, talk with an expert. Call your gastroenterologist today.

Liver disease can be a scary diagnosis. Unfortunately, it’s also a common medical condition. Seeing the right specialist can make all the difference in how you manage liver disease. A gastroenterologist is an expert at the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal issues, including liver disease.

Your liver has an important job. When your liver is functioning properly, it effectively and quickly eliminates toxins and waste products from your body. When your liver function is impaired by liver disease, toxins and waste products can build up in your body, causing more damage to your liver and your other organs.

There are many factors which can increase your risk of liver disease, including:

• Genetics
• Exposure to a virus
• Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
• Having a harmful reaction to a drug
• Eating a poor diet and being overweight
• An autoimmune disorder

Liver disease can sneak up on you. It may cause few, if any, signs or symptoms. In fact, you may not experience any signs or symptoms until the disease is far advanced. Some of the signs and symptoms of liver disease for you to watch out for include:

• Jaundice
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal bloating
• Weakness and fatigue
• Poor appetite and weight loss
• Swelling and edema in your extremities
• Mental impairment
• Physical impairment

If you notice any of the signs and symptoms listed above, it’s important to visit your gastroenterologist. Your gastroenterologist will perform a comprehensive physical examination and order laboratory testing and imaging studies to diagnose liver disease. If you have liver disease, it can be classified into four stages which are:

• Stage 1 liver disease–inflammation in your liver
• Stage 2 liver disease–scarring or fibrosis of the liver
• Stage 3 liver disease–cirrhosis of the liver
• Stage 4 liver disease–liver failure

Visiting your gastroenterologist is one of the most important ways to help halt the progression of liver disease, so you can live a longer, healthier life. To find out more about the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of liver disease, talk with your gastroenterologist today.

You need to eat nutritious foods to stay healthy. Nutrients, vitamins, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates fuel your body, providing you with the energy you need to live. If you’ve ever experienced loss of appetite, you already know how it can affect your body.

Some of the signs and symptoms of appetite loss include:

• Losing interest in foods
• Not enjoying your favorite foods
• Frequently skipping meals
• Weight fluctuations and weight loss

When you lose your appetite, you may also experience:

• Fatigue
• Low energy levels
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach pains
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Changes to your hair, skin, or nails

There are many reasons why you might experience a loss of appetite. Some of these reasons include:

• Underlying medical conditions including Crohn’s disease, cancer, and diabetes
• Side effects of medications you are taking, including antibiotics, amphetamines, chemotherapy, fluoxetine, and opioids
• Emotional and mental health difficulties including anxiety, an eating disorder, depression, and stress
• Physical changes your body is experiencing including recovery from a surgical procedure

Your gastroenterologist will begin treatment for appetite loss by ordering laboratory testing and imaging studies to determine the cause of your appetite loss. Depending on the cause of your appetite loss, your gastroenterologist may recommend:

• Dietary modifications including eating small meals throughout the day
• Referral to a dietician for development of an eating plan
• Medications to stimulate your appetite, including corticosteroids and others
• Medication adjustment if your appetite loss is caused by a medication you are taking
• IV nutrient, vitamin, and mineral solutions to compensate for decreased food intake
• Oral vitamin, nutrient, and mineral supplementation
• Referral to a mental health specialist for help with an eating disorder

You can do a lot at home to help minimize appetite loss. Remember to:

• Eat regular, small meals, even if you are not hungry
• Consume liquid meals to help maintain nutrient levels
• Eat bland foods to prevent irritation of your stomach

Appetite loss can dramatically affect the health of your body and your mind. Your gastroenterologist can help with appetite loss. To learn more about the causes and treatment of appetite loss, talk with your gastroenterologist today.

Crohn’s disease can dramatically impact your life. When you are in fear of eating the wrong foods or having a painful attack, it can make you want to stay home and avoid enjoying your life. Crohn’s disease can make you feel powerless, depressed, and isolated. Your gastroenterologist can help you manage Crohn’s disease, so you can live a full, enjoyable life again.

There are several factors that can contribute to developing Crohn’s disease, although the exact cause of Crohn’s disease is not known. An overactive immune system is believed to be a major factor. Your immune system attacks normal cells in your digestive tract, causing painful symptoms. Heredity may also be a factor.

The symptoms of Crohn’s disease can be debilitating. They include:

• Feeling severe fatigue
• Having a fever
• Experiencing reduced appetite and weight loss
• Having frequent abdominal cramping and diarrhea
• Noticing blood in your stool

There are additional signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease which can affect other parts of your body. These include:

• Mouth sores
• Inflammation in your eyes and skin
• Joint inflammation and pain

Your gastroenterologist is an expert at the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn’s disease. Testing is necessary to provide a diagnosis, so your gastroenterologist may recommend:

• Blood tests to detect anemia
• Fecal blood tests to detect blood in your stool
• Imaging studies including a colonoscopy, MRI, or CT scan

When you have a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, your gastroenterologist can treat and help you manage Crohn’s with:

• Corticosteroid medications to reduce inflammation
• Immune system suppressing medications to reduce the destruction of healthy cells
• Antibiotic medications to eliminate infection
• Nutritional supplementation of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to help prevent anemia

For severe cases of Crohn’s disease, your gastroenterologist may recommend surgery to remove damaged sections of your digestive tract. Your gastroenterologist can discuss this option with you and help you determine the best course of treatment.

If you are struggling with Crohn’s disease, you need help. Your gastroenterologist has the expertise and treatment you need. To find out more about Crohn’s disease signs, symptoms, and treatment, talk with your gastroenterologist today.

Heartburn is a common problem, especially if you love spicy or acidic foods. It is estimated over 60 million people in this country suffer from heartburn at least once a month, and 15 million Americans feel heartburn daily, according to the American College of Gastroenterology.

Heartburn feels like a burning pain in your throat and chest, but it has nothing to do with your heart. Heartburn is caused by excess stomach acid, produced when you eat spicy or acid foods. Occasional heartburn can be relieved with over-the-counter antacids.

In addition to taking antacids, there are a few tips you can try for occasional heartburn. Remember to:

• Avoid eating before lying down
• Limit spicy or acidic foods in your diet
• Avoid eating a large meal before bed
• Eat smaller meals more frequently

If you suffer from chronic heartburn, you could have acid reflux or a more serious condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD.

Acid reflux is caused by the sphincter muscle between your esophagus and stomach not closing properly or completely. This sphincter muscle is responsible for preventing stomach acid from backing up into your throat. When the sphincter muscle stays open, stomach acid can back up into your throat, causing heartburn.

If acid reflux goes untreated, it can develop into gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly known as GERD. This condition can cause damage to your esophagus, and even esophageal cancer.

You should visit your gastroenterologist if you suffer from heartburn more than twice in a week. You should also visit your gastroenterologist if you experience:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Difficulty swallowing
• Weight loss from lack of appetite
• Chest or abdominal pain
• Throat problems or bad breath
• Wheezing or dry coughing
• Tooth enamel erosion

Your gastroenterologist is an expert at treating heartburn, acid reflux, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. If you experience regular episodes of heartburn, it’s time to take action and schedule an appointment with your GI doctor. Don’t wait, because chronic heartburn can be serious, so call your GI doctor today.

Find out what you can do to treat your hemorrhoids.

Seeing bright red blood when you wipe may have you panicking. However, before you rush to the hospital, you should know that chances are good that these little drops of blood are simply coming from hemorrhoids. While not dangerous, it’s important to spot the signs of hemorrhoids and know when to turn to a gastroenterologist for treatment.

Signs of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen or bulging veins of the anus. Symptoms of hemorrhoids are limited to the anal region and can result in pain, swelling, bleeding or itching. It’s also the common cause of rectal bleeding. Some hemorrhoids are internal and may cause aching or throbbing pain, particularly after a bowel movement, while others are external and may be large enough to prolapse.

Conservative Hemorrhoid Treatment Options

In most cases, hemorrhoids will go away on their own, and you won’t even need to come in for a visit. Many of the options for treating your hemorrhoids can be found in the comfort of your own home. A sitz bath can ease pain and discomfort without medication, and you can do this a couple of times a day, as needed.

Of course, if the pain is getting to you, there are over-the-counter creams that can at least temporarily take the pain and itching away until the problem resolves itself. We know it won’t cure hemorrhoids, but managing your symptoms is important.

What you wear is also essential. Wearing fabrics that aren’t breathable can exacerbate your condition. Opt for loose-fitted underwear with a breathable soft material that won’t rub or cause further irritation (yes, that means retiring those tight yoga pants, for now).

If your hemorrhoids are the result of constipation, then fiber is something you need to start incorporating into your diet. Everyone needs fiber, but if you don’t get enough, this can lead to a lot of GI problems, not to mention, it can lead to hemorrhoids. Up your fiber intake by incorporating more whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables into your diet.

When to See a Gastroenterologist About Your Hemorrhoids

There comes a time when you have to throw in the towel and admit that it’s time to visit a gastroenterologist. While most cases of hemorrhoids won’t need professional care, if you have been dealing with pain for more than one week, if the rectal pain you are experiencing is severe or if symptoms are getting worse, it’s time to visit a GI specialist.

A gastroenterologist can provide a simple non-surgical rubber band system to cut off blood from the hemorrhoid and kill it. No recovery process is involved and can be performed right in your GI doctor's office. It’s certainly a relief to have a non-surgical option if you deal with persistent or severe hemorrhoids.

You should turn to a gastroenterologist immediately if you notice blood when you wipe or any other signs of hemorrhoids or dealing with intense rectal pain. After all, many conditions such as fissures and anal tears share symptoms with hemorrhoids, and a GI doctor can determine what problem you’re dealing with and how to treat it best.

Wondering if you could have GERD?

Are you living with acid reflux? If you deal with this problem rather frequently, you could have a chronic condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It’s more common than you know, and you could have it. Here’s what you should know about GERD,

What is GERD?

Every time you swallow food, your stomach produces acid to aid digestion. In a healthy gastrointestinal system, a valve in the esophagus opens to allow food and acid to pass from the esophagus to your gut. In those with GERD, the valve that allows food to pass through it may not close fully or open far too often, which can cause these acids to travel back up into the esophagus. If this happens regularly, the lining of the esophagus can become irritated and even damaged.

What Are the Symptoms?

While everyone will probably experience heartburn at some point, you will likely deal with chronic or persistent heartburn if you have GERD. Everybody is different when it comes to their symptoms. Besides heartburn and acid reflux, which are the two main symptoms of GERD, other symptoms include,

• Sore throat
• Problems swallowing
• Belching
• Gum inflammation
• Throat irritation
• Hoarseness
• Chronic bad breath
• A bitter taste in the mouth

When Should I See a Gastroenterologist?

It isn’t always easy to know when to visit a gastroenterologist for an evaluation. Of course, if you’ve been dealing with heartburn that occurs twice or more during the week, if your heartburn is only getting worse, if you have trouble swallowing or if heartburn wakes you up at night, then it’s essential that you get your symptoms checked out.

How is GERD Treated?

The goal of treatment is to reduce and even eliminate your symptoms while also helping give the esophagus a chance to heal itself. There will be specific lifestyle changes you will need to make to improve your symptoms, such as,

• Avoiding or limiting spicy, fatty, fried and acidic foods
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol
• Losing weight if obesity or being overweight is a factor
• Eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Not eating about two to three hours before bed
• Not lying down immediately after eating
• Avoiding shirts or belts that are too tight or put too much pressure around the middle

Certain medications will also be prescribed to help you manage your symptoms better and to help repair the damage done to the esophagus. Surgery may be recommended if you’ve tried all other non-surgical options, but nothing has managed your GERD.

Don’t ignore your acid reflux, especially if you’re dealing with it twice a week. If so, you owe it to yourself to schedule an appointment with your gastroenterologist to find out if you could be dealing with GERD.

Is your body telling you that you could have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Are you just experiencing symptoms of an upset stomach, or is there something more going on? It can sometimes be hard to tell, and some people find it embarrassing to talk about, but if you want to find out if your symptoms could be due to IBS, it’s time you turn to a gastroenterologist for care.

What is IBS?

While there is so much about IBS that is still unknown, there are several theories about what causes these symptoms. People with IBS may,

• Have more sensitive colons
• Have a different immune system response
• Experience hormonal fluctuations or changes that trigger IBS
• Produce serotonin that affects digestive tract nerves, causing diarrhea or constipation

While we may not know what causes IBS, we know that it is a true medical condition.

What are the symptoms associated with IBS?

To diagnose someone with IBS, an individual must experience ongoing symptoms for at least six months. One of the most common symptoms of IBS is abdominal pain. Of course, to be able to diagnose your symptoms as IBS, the abdominal pain has to have at least two out of these three factors:

• Passing stool relieves symptoms
• Your symptoms affect the frequency of passing stool
• Your symptoms affect the appearance of stool

There are quite a few things that can cause IBS to flare up. Common foods that cause flare-ups include high-fiber foods, chocolate, alcohol, fructose and caffeine.

How does a gastroenterologist treat IBS?

There are several different kinds of medications that we might recommend, including antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and even antidepressants.

We will also discuss the many lifestyle changes you should adopt to reduce flare-ups. Common lifestyle changes include,

• Maintaining regular exercise to improve the function of the bowels
• Quitting smoking
• Avoiding trigger foods
• Reducing or limiting alcohol consumption
• Finding ways to manage stress (e.g., mindfulness; yoga; meditation)

If you are dealing with persistent abdominal pain and bowel changes, it’s important that you find out what’s going on to get the answers and treatments you need to improve your digestive health.

Learn more about acid reflux, its signs and triggers, and when to see a doctor.

Acid reflux happens to everyone, but what should you do if this becomes a common occurrence? You may be wondering what in your diet is triggering acid reflux, and you may want to sit down with a gastroenterologist who can help you figure out why you’re experiencing frequent bouts of acid reflux. It’s important that you don’t just ignore this problem.

What is acid reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when acid from the stomach travels back up through the esophagus. While the esophageal sphincter is supposed to prevent food from traveling backward if the sphincter doesn’t function properly, acid reflux often occurs. As a result, acid reflux often causes heartburn and burning in your chest and throat. While acid reflux and heartburn are often used interchangeably, acid reflux and heartburn are different.

What triggers acid reflux?

The most common acid reflux triggers include,

• Eating a heavy meal, especially right before bed
• Smoking
• Alcohol consumption
• Spicy, fatty, and acidic foods
• Certain medications such as over-the-counter pain relievers

Why acid reflux is a cause for concern?

While acid reflux on its own isn’t usually anything concerning, if you are experiencing acid reflux at least two or more times a week, it’s important that you seek care from a qualified gastroenterologist. Frequent or recurring acid reflux can signify gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). If left untreated or improperly treated, this chronic condition can lead to severe complications, including esophageal cancer and swallowing disorders.

Over-the-counter antacids aren’t enough; you’ll need to turn to a gastroenterologist who can prescribe the proper medication or procedure to correct weak or damaged sphincter muscles.

How is acid reflux managed?

Lifestyle changes such as avoiding trigger foods and eating smaller meals can undoubtedly go a long way to improving symptoms. Patients who are overweight or obese will also find that symptoms improve by losing some weight. Your gastroenterologist may recommend a lower-acid diet while also prescribing an acid blocker. Surgery to repair the sphincter muscle may be advised in more severe cases.

Is acid reflux impacting your diet and affecting your quality of life? If you love eating out or cooking, you may find that acid reflux is cramping your style. This is a sign that you could benefit from turning to a gastroenterologist.

Wondering why you're dealing with abdominal pain?

Everyone deals with a stomachache from time to time. Typically, it will go away on its own, and it’s nothing to worry about; however, certain symptoms may warrant having a gastroenterologist take a closer look. Here’s what you should know about abdominal pain.

What causes abdominal pain?

There is a laundry list of conditions, infections, and diseases that can cause sharp, aching, stabbing, or cramping pain in the abdomen. Some causes are minor and will go away on their own, while others will require urgent medical attention. Common causes include,

• Food poisoning
• Food allergies (different than a food intolerance)
• Gas
• Constipation
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Gastroenteritis (referred to as a “stomach bug”)
• Indigestion

For women, abdominal pain might not have anything to do with the digestive tract and may be due to menstruation, ovarian polyps or cysts, or other reproductive issues.

If your abdominal pain is minor and goes away in a couple of hours, it’s probably not something to worry about; however, severe abdominal pain is nothing to ignore. Severe abdominal pain, as well as worsening or persistent abdominal pain could be due to,

• Irritable bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis)
• Stomach ulcers
• Gallstones or kidney stones
• Pancreatitis
• Hernia
• Appendicitis

When should I see a gastroenterologist?

It’s a good idea to schedule an appointment with a gastroenterologist if you are experiencing,

• Constant abdominal pain that lasts days
• Pain that keeps coming back
• Other symptoms such as diarrhea or constipation that also doesn’t go away after a few days
• Changes in bowel movements or urinary/bladder function
• Unexpected and sudden weight loss

If you are dealing with severe abdominal pain or abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, pain in the chest, or bloody stools, you must seek immediate medical attention.

What is your gut trying to tell you? If you are dealing with persistent abdominal pain or stomach pains that concern you, then these are reasons to turn to a gastroenterologist.

Your gallbladder is a small organ on the upper right side of your abdomen that’s responsible for storing and releasing bile to aid in digestion. As with any organ or system in the body, problems can occur. When bile and minerals develop into deposits or gallstones in the gallbladder, this can lead to very severe and sudden pain. Recognizing the signs of a gallbladder attack can mean getting the quicker care you need from a gastroenterologist.

• A dull, sharp, or cramping pain in the upper right side or center of the abdomen
• Pain that radiates to the back or shoulder blades
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (also known as jaundice)

• You have a family history of gallstones or gallbladder problems
• You are obese or overweight
• You have a low-fiber, high-cholesterol diet
• You take certain medications such as birth control or hormone replacement therapy
• You have diabetes
• You are pregnant
• You are over 40 years old
• You have been diagnosed with liver disease

There is more than meets the eye when it comes to our gut, and we are learning new things about it all the time. While a gastroenterologist can certainly help you treat problems impacting your gut, it’s also important for people to understand their gut, how it works, and ways to keep it healthy. Here are some useful facts that everyone should know about gut health.

• Nausea and vomiting
• Bloating
• Stomach pains
• Loose stools
• Constipation
• Unexpected weight loss

• Fermented foods such as sauerkraut, miso, and kimchi provide the gut with prebiotics (which feed the probiotics or good bacteria in the gut)
• Olive oil
• Nuts and seeds
• Fresh vegetables
• Avocados
• Live yogurt and kefir
• Garlic
• Lean protein such as wild-caught salmon
• Low fructose fruits such as berries and citrus fruits

• Low-fiber diets
• High sugar diets
• Vegetable and seed oils
• Alcohol
• Antibiotics
• Medications

Diarrhea might not be something you want to talk about; however, it happens to everyone. Whether it’s a stomach bug, something you ate, or a more serious and underlying digestive issue, it’s important to recognize when you should turn to a gastroenterologist for treatment.

• Food allergies
• Alcohol use
• Intestinal diseases such as Crohn’s disease
• Bacterial infections
• Diabetes
• Overactive thyroid
• Medications
• Running (known as “runner’s diarrhea”)

• Blood or mucus in the stool
• Black stools
• Diarrhea that lasts more than two days
• A high fever (over 102 F) that last more than one day
• Severe abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting

Has a gastroenterologist just found colon polyps during your routine colonoscopy? If so, you may be wondering what these masses are, why they occur, and if this could put you at an increased risk for colorectal cancer. We have the answers you are looking for.

• Being obese or overweight
• Having diabetes
• Smoking or using tobacco products
• Having inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis)

Do you deal with constant acid reflux? Is heartburn commonplace? Do you feel full quickly after eating? If so, these could all be signs of a condition known as a hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia happens when part of the stomach pushes through the opening in the diaphragm (the hiatus), which connects to the stomach. While some people may never even know that they have a hiatal hernia, sometimes it can cause digestive issues for others. That’s when you should turn to a gastroenterologist for answers.

• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Coughing
• Vomiting
• Heavy lifting or intense physical exertion
• Straining

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation of food
• Bloating
• Belching
• Stomach discomfort

• Maintaining a healthy weight (or losing weight if overweight or obese)
• Eating smaller portions
• Avoiding belts or tight pants that put pressure around the middle
• Avoiding acidic, spicy, fatty, greasy, and fried foods
• Avoiding carbonated beverages as well as caffeine and alcohol
• Not eating 3-4 hours before bedtime
• Quitting smoking
• Elevating your head while you sleep
• Not lying down immediately after eating

Is your morning latte suddenly making your stomach do flips? Do you experience gastrointestinal upset whenever you enjoy a cheesy slice of pizza? Any gastroenterologist knows that this can be disheartening; fortunately, they can help provide the relief you need so that you can go back to enjoying the foods and drinks you love. But first, it’s important to know whether you should come in for an evaluation.

• Belly and stomach cramps
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Gas
• Bloating

Are you having trouble making it to the bathroom in time? Do you notice issues such as leakage, particularly when passing gas? If so, these are signs of fecal or bowel incontinence. While this is an issue that may occur with older age, there are a variety of reasons why someone may deal with this problem. Here’s what you should know about incontinence and how a gastroenterologist will treat it.

• Damage to the muscles of the anus (common after childbirth)
• Previous anal surgeries
• Nervous system injury or disorder
• Severe constipation (more common in the elderly)
• Diarrhea
• Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease
• Stroke
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Rectal prolapse

The pancreas is an organ in the digestive system that lies behind the stomach and is responsible for producing insulin, as well as a host of other digestive enzymes and hormones. The pancreas plays a key role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and digestion; however, if the pancreas releases these enzymes prematurely, this can irritate and inflame the pancreas, leading to a condition known as pancreatitis.

• Upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back
• Pain that gets worse after eating (especially when consuming a high-fat diet)
• Tenderness in the abdomen
• Swollen abdomen
• Increased or rapid heart rate
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever

• Gallstones
• Heavy alcohol use
• Abdominal injury
• Exposure to environmental toxins
• Undergoing abdominal surgery
• Family history of pancreatitis
• Smoking
• High cholesterol (particularly high triglycerides)
• High calcium levels (hypercalcemia)

Feeling any kind of pain or discomfort in your chest can certainly be scary; however, if you are simply dealing with gas pains you may notice a fullness or tightness in the chest. You may also notice that this pain radiates to your abdomen. This is another telltale sign that the chest discomfort you’re feeling is due to gas. Other signs that it could simply be gas include,

• Increased flatulence
• Indigestion
• Bloating
• Belching
• Nausea

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Profuse and sudden sweating
• Shortness of breath
• Jaw pain (this is more common in women)
• Intense pressure on your chest (some people liken it to “an elephant sitting on their chest”)
• Pain that radiates from the chest to the neck, back, arms, or shoulders
• Sudden decrease or increase in heart rate

• Food intolerance or allergy
• A very high-fiber diet
• Carbonated beverages
• Artificial sweeteners
• Food poisoning

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) may not be a disease that you’ve heard about, yet this autoimmune disease is more common than you may realize. In fact, about 1 in every 1,000 women over the age of 40 are dealing with this type of progressive liver disease, and while some men do develop PBC this is most often reported in women. Here’s everything you want to know about liver disease, living with PBC, and how to treat it.

• Skin darkening
• Dry mouth and eyes
• Abdominal pain
• Muscle and joint pain
• Weight loss
• High cholesterol
• Yellowing of the skin
• Swelling of the legs and feet
• Swelling of the abdomen
• Osteoporosis

It’s Taco Tuesday and everyone is happy; everyone but you. While you might love tacos you just know the burning pain you’re going to experience the minute you put that spicy food to your lips. You also know that your heartburn will probably keep you up at night. You’re also tired of having to take antacids all the time. If this sounds like you, it’s time to consult your gastroenterologist.

• A burning or gnawing in your chest and throat that occurs after eating (particularly greasy, acidic, or spicy foods)
• Discomfort gets worse when lying down, especially after eating
• An acidic taste in the back of your throat

• Taking pain relievers regularly
• Being pregnant
• Eating larger meals or eating close to bedtime
• Smoking
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Being overweight
• High stress
• Hiatal hernia
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

If you have been diagnosed with a form of hepatitis, chances are good that your doctor has referred you to a specialist. A gastroenterologist is a doctor that specializes in preventing, diagnosing, and treating conditions that impact the intestinal system including the liver. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with hepatitis, here’s what you should know.

• Hepatitis A is acute
• Hepatitis B, C, and D are often persistent and chronic
• Hepatitis E is typically acute

• Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated water or food
• Hepatitis B is often transmitted through bodily fluids including blood and semen
• Hepatitis C is transmitted through sexual contact, coming in contact with infected bodily fluids, or through IV drug use
• Hepatitis D is transmitted through contact with infected blood (typically occurs in conjunction with hepatitis B)
• Hepatitis E is transmitted through contaminated water

• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal pain
• Joint pain
• Dark urine
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Pale-colored stools
• Fever

Rectocele, better known as posterior vaginal prolapse, results from a weakening of the tissue that lies between the vagina and rectum (the rectovaginal septum). This can lead to a bulge or herniation within the back wall of the vagina. This is a fairly common condition for women, but many women don’t even notice symptoms. Unfortunately, sometimes rectocele can result in bowel issues. From regularly straining during bowel movements to vaginal delivery, there are many reasons why a woman may be dealing with a rectocele. If you think you could be dealing with rectocele, turn to a gastroenterologist to find out.

• Trouble with completing full bowel movements
• Needing to apply pressure to the vagina or the rectovaginal septum to complete a bowel movement
• Straining during a bowel movement
• Frequent urges to have a bowel movement throughout the day
• Rectal pain
• Constipation

• Staying hydrated
• Eating a high-fiber diet
• Performing pelvic floor exercises
• Biofeedback to improve pelvic floor muscle function
• Using stool softeners

• Pain with bowel movements (and sometimes urination)
• Bleeding
• Fever
• Liquid draining from the anus

When was the last time you thought about your gallbladder? Probably never, right? Well, this little organ that you haven’t thought much about is responsible for releasing bile to help break down food and aid in digestion. If you aren’t dealing with gut problems then you may not even think twice about your gallbladder; however, if your gastroenterologist has told you that you suffer from gallstones, here’s what you should know.

• Being over age 40
• Being obese
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Smoking
• Sedentary lifestyle
• A poor diet that is high in fat
• Being diabetic
• Being pregnant
• High cholesterol
• Family history of gallstones

Do you notice spots of bright red blood when you wipe? Do you experience anal itching? If so, these could be signs of an anal fissure. The lining of the anus is delicate and has the ability to tear, especially when straining or dealing with constipation. This is so common that gastroenterologists often see more patients presenting with anal fissures than hemorrhoids.

• Constipation
• Passing hard stools or straining during a bowel movement
• Persistent or recurring diarrhea
• Childbirth
• Anal intercourse
• Crohn’s disease

• Staying hydrated and drinking lots of fluids
• Getting daily exercise
• Consuming a high-fiber diet
• Avoiding straining with a bowel moment
• Go to the bathroom when you need to (do not hold it in)
• Relax in a Sitz bath
• Use baby wipes rather than toilet paper (which may be too dry and rough) after a bowel movement
• Sometimes, stool softeners and fiber supplements can be helpful

Did you know that the gut houses about 100 trillion bacteria? Of course, these microbes can affect everything from your intestinal health to your immune system if something throws your gut microbiome out of whack. While the C. difficile bacterium can be present in your gut and not even know it, other times this infection can lead to more serious gut problems.

• Stomach cramping or pain
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fever

Are you dealing with a burning pain in your stomach that is accompanied by bloating, lack of appetite, and heartburn? If so, you could be dealing with a peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop within the lining of the stomach, causing a wide range of painful and unpleasant symptoms. It may be time to see your gastroenterologist if you notice these telltale symptoms of a stomach ulcer:

• A dull, aching, or burning sensation in the center of your stomach that may feel worse when empty and may be alleviated by eating or drinking
• Feeling full easily
• Lack of appetite
• Acid reflux and heartburn
• Bloating
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dark stools

Everyone experiences stomach upset from time to time; however, when abdominal pain sets in we know just how uncomfortable it can be. It’s important to know when you’re just dealing with normal aches and pains that will go away on their own or whether you may be dealing with an underlying issue that requires medical attention. In this case, trusting your gut could just be the best thing you do for your health.

• Gastroenteritis (intestinal infection)
• Indigestion
• Gas
• Constipation
• Menstrual cramps
• Food allergies
• Food poisoning
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Crohn’s disease
• Ulcerative colitis
• Diverticulitis
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Hernia
• Gallstones
• Appendicitis (sudden, sharp pain on the right side; requires immediate medical attention)

Chances are good that you probably never think about your gallbladder. This small organ that lies under the liver is responsible for producing and storing bile to help the liver break down high-fat foods. Of course, you may start thinking about your gallbladder if you start to notice these symptoms of a gallbladder attack:

• Sudden, severe, and sharp abdominal pain (typically in the upper right side of the body)
• Pain that appears after eating and lasts several hours
• Light-colored stools
• Fever
• Chills
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Yellowing skin or eyes (jaundice)

• Diabetes
• Family history of gallstones and gallbladder disease
• Being over 60 years old
• Being a woman
• Being overweight or obese
• Taking estrogen or hormone medications
• Eating a diet that is low in fiber and high in cholesterol or fat
• Being pregnant

• You’re dealing with severe cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)
• There is an infection
• The gallbladder doesn’t work or has stopped working
• The gallbladder is causing significant pain and other problems
• There is a tumor on the gallbladder