What Are Colon Polyps?
Colon polyps are abnormal growths that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Most polyps are benign (non-cancerous), but certain types — particularly adenomas — can develop into colorectal cancer over time if not removed. Finding and removing polyps before they become cancerous is the primary goal of colonoscopy screening.
Types of Colon Polyps
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Adenomatous polyps (adenomas): the most common type; carry a risk of becoming cancerous
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Hyperplastic polyps: usually small and located in the rectum; generally low cancer risk
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Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs): can be flat and difficult to detect; associated with cancer risk
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Inflammatory polyps: associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Risk Factors for Colon Polyps
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Age 50 or older (though screening now begins at 45)
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Personal or family history of polyps or colorectal cancer
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Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's or UC)
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Obesity, smoking, and a diet high in red and processed meats
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Hereditary syndromes: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Lynch syndrome
How Are Polyps Detected and Removed?
Colonoscopy is the most accurate test for detecting and removing colon polyps. During the procedure, your gastroenterologist uses a high-definition camera to inspect the entire colon lining. Polyps are removed immediately using instruments passed through the colonoscope — a process called polypectomy. Most polyp removals are painless and require no additional recovery time.
Your Surveillance Schedule After Polyps
The timing of your next colonoscopy depends on the number, size, and type of polyps found. Patients with low-risk adenomas may need a follow-up in 7–10 years; those with high-risk adenomas may need surveillance in 1–3 years. Your gastroenterologist will review your pathology results and recommend the appropriate interval.
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